Fake antivirus and security software, also known as scareware, is malicious software that mimics legitimate antivirus programs. It tricks users into believing their devices are infected with viruses, urging them to take immediate action—often by purchasing a fake security product or installing malware. These scams exploit fear, urgency, and lack of cybersecurity awareness, leading to financial losses, data breaches, and compromised system security.
Cybercriminals distribute fake antivirus software through deceptive ads, pop-ups, phishing emails, and malicious websites. Once installed, the fake software may flood the user with false security alerts, restrict access to files, or demand payment for a supposed fix. In some cases, it can steal sensitive data such as passwords, banking information, and personal details.
How Can This Scam Happen to Us?
Fake antivirus scams are highly deceptive and can affect anyone, regardless of technical expertise. Here’s how cybercriminals execute this scam:
1. Malicious Pop-Ups and Ads
Many fake antivirus scams start with fraudulent pop-ups that appear while browsing the internet. These pop-ups typically contain alarming messages like:
“Your PC is infected with 5 dangerous viruses! Scan now!”
“Immediate action required! Your personal data is at risk.”
“Security Alert: Hackers may be accessing your device!”
These messages use scare tactics to push users into downloading fake security software or clicking malicious links. Once clicked, they either install malware or direct users to a fake security software website.
2. Fake Websites and Phishing Emails
Hackers often create fake antivirus websites that look like real security brands. When users land on these sites, they’re encouraged to download a free security scan. This scan always detects "threats" (even if none exist) and asks users to purchase a premium version to remove them.
Similarly, phishing emails pretending to be from reputable cybersecurity companies warn users about "critical threats" on their devices. These emails contain fake download links or attachments that install malware when opened.
3. Bundled with Other Software
Cybercriminals often bundle fake antivirus programs with free software downloads, torrent files, or cracked applications. When users install these programs, the fake antivirus is installed alongside them. This method is particularly effective since many people download free software without checking its authenticity.
4. Rogue Software Updates
Users searching for updates for browsers, media players, or drivers may encounter fake update alerts. These deceptive alerts claim that outdated software makes the device vulnerable to viruses, urging users to download an "urgent security update." Instead of an update, they unknowingly install malware disguised as antivirus software.
5. Social Engineering & Tech Support Scams
Some scammers pretend to be Microsoft, Apple, or other tech support representatives. They call or email users, claiming that their device is infected and offer to "fix" it by installing security software remotely. In reality, they install malware, steal sensitive data, or demand money for fake repairs.
Example of a Fake Antivirus Scam: "Windows Defender – Security Warning"
One of the most common fake antivirus scams is the "Windows Defender – Security Warning" scam.
How It Works
While browsing the internet, users suddenly see a full-screen alert claiming that "Windows Defender has detected a serious virus."
The message includes a Microsoft logo and a fake error code.
Users are told to call a toll-free number for "immediate support."
If they call, a fake Microsoft technician claims their computer is at risk and asks them to install remote desktop software.
Once remote access is granted, the scammer installs fake security software or demands payment to "fix" the issue.
Red Flags of This Scam
✅ Microsoft does not display full-screen warnings for virus threats.
✅ Real security warnings do not ask you to call a phone number.
✅ Scammers use scare tactics to pressure users into taking immediate action.
✅ The pop-up prevents users from closing the browser to make it seem urgent.
How to Protect Yourself from Fake Antivirus Scams
Since fake antivirus software is designed to look authentic, it can be difficult to identify. However, you can protect yourself by following these cybersecurity best practices:
1. Avoid Clicking on Suspicious Pop-Ups
If you encounter an alarming security pop-up, do not click on it. Close the pop-up using the browser's close button or Task Manager (Windows) / Force Quit (Mac). Avoid clicking "Scan Now" or any other buttons within the pop-up.
2. Only Download Software from Trusted Sources
Always download security software from official websites or reputable sources. Avoid downloading software from unknown third-party websites, torrents, or unofficial stores. When installing software, read the terms carefully and avoid clicking "Next" too quickly, as fake antivirus software may be bundled with the installation.
3. Keep Your Operating System and Software Updated
Ensure that your operating system, web browser, and antivirus software are regularly updated. Cybercriminals exploit security vulnerabilities in outdated software to distribute fake antivirus programs.
4. Use a Trusted Antivirus Program
Install a reputable antivirus solution from companies like Norton, McAfee, Bitdefender, or Kaspersky. Enable real-time protection to detect and block fake antivirus software before it infects your system.
5. Be Cautious with Email Links & Attachments
Do not open unexpected email attachments or click on links from unknown senders. Scammers use phishing emails to distribute fake security software disguised as legitimate updates or alerts.
6. Verify Website Legitimacy
Before entering personal details or downloading software, check the website URL. Fake security websites may have slight spelling variations (e.g., "micros0ft.com" instead of "microsoft.com"). Look for HTTPS encryption and verify the website's authenticity.
7. Ignore Cold Calls from "Tech Support"
Legitimate companies like Microsoft or Apple do not call users out of the blue. If someone claiming to be from tech support calls about a virus on your device, hang up immediately. Do not grant them remote access to your system.
8. Scan Your Device with Real Antivirus Software
If you suspect a fake antivirus is installed on your device, run a full system scan using a trusted security program. If you are unable to remove the malware, restart your device in Safe Mode and uninstall the fake software manually.